This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Annual production of polyurethanes is increasing day by day. The most important application of polyurethane covering its major market is polyurethane foam.
Different type of foaming systems and foaming processes are used for synthesis of foam. There are two major types of polyurethane foam which are flexible foam and rigid foam. This review has been structured to present an overview of different types of foam, foaming systems, and processes used for production of foam.
Also major applications of polyurethanes are presented. Polyurethanes are also written as PUR and also called as urethanes. Structure of Polyurethane [1] Polyurethanes are considered as esters or amide esters of carbonic acid.
They are synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional hydroxyl compounds with polyfunctional isocyanates. Structure of polyurethane formed from di hydroxyl compound and di isocyanate is given as [1- 3]. Polyurethane is a versatile polymer having unique chemistry with excellent mechanical and optical properties and has good solvent resistance [5].
One step process is used majorly while pre polymer system was used only in the early times of urethane industry. Both components are mixed which led to the formation of foam.
Mixing forms a foaming product. For example in slabstock process three or four streams are employed carrying different reactants [1, 9]. Machine foaming is further classified into various foaming processes, which are large Box Foaming, Slabstock Foaming, Pour-in-Place Foaming, Sandwich Foaming and Molding, Spraying and frothing [1, 10, and 12].
Degradable poly ester amide s for biomedical applications. Szycher's handbook of polyurethanes , second edition. Results showed that the migration process is influenced by the lipophilicity and the MW of photoinitiators. References [1] M. Herrington and K. Oertel , G. Szycher , M.
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